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PAPER V-PHYSIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
1. Elements of cell physiology:
Solutions, osmotic pressure, diffusion, hydrogen ion concentration, buffers Permeability of membranes.Chemical composition of living matter: Chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids. proteins and Nucleic acids
2.Enzymes:
Nature, function, classification. Co-enzymes and prosthetic groups. Mode of action of enzymes with special reference to the induced fit theory.
3. Intermediary metabolism:
(a) Carbohydrates
(b).The Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
(c)The Hexose-monophosphate shunt
(d)The Tricarboxylic acid cycle.
(e)Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis
(f)Gluconeogonesis and the role of the dicarboxylic acid shuttle
3. Biological oxidations :
Dehydregenases, Electron-transfer enzymes.Oxidasos Mixed function oxygenases. Dioxygenases Oxidative phosphorylations. Substrate level phosphorylations
4. Lipids :
B-oxidation of fatty acids. Fate of glycerol-gluconeogenesis. Ketone-body formaiion and utilisation.
5. Proteins:
Metabolism of amino acids : oxidative deamination, transmmation decarboxylation Enzymology of the urea cycle.Fate of the glucogemc and ketogenic amino acids. nterrelalionships of metabolic pathways. Physiology of the following systems with special reference to a mammal :-
Digestion of the dietary constituents . Composition, function and regulation of salivary, gastric. pancreatic, bile and intestinal juices.
Absorption.
6. Nutrition :
Balanced diet including vitamins, minerals-and trace elements.
7.Blood:
Composition and function of blood and lymph. Blood groups, Rh factor. Blood coagulation.Structure and function of haemoglobin Heart; Structure. Origin, conduction and regulation of heart beat.Cardiac cycle. Electrocardiogram.Peripheral circulation: Blood pressure, capillary pressure, regulation of blood pressure,
8.Respiration :
Mechanism and control of breathing.Transport of oxygen and carbondioxide. Oxygen, dissociation curves of haemoglobin and myoglobin, Bohr effect, chloride shift.
9.Structure and function of the kidney:
Physiology of urine formation. Role of the kidney in the regulation of water, salt and acid-base balance
10.Muscle:
Ultrastructural, chemical and physiologicpl basis of skeletal muscle contraction. Molecular mechanisms in muscle contraction.
11.
Nerve impulse:
Nature, origin and propagation along a neurone, synapse and myoneural junction Integrative functions of the central Nervous system. Structura and function of sensory organs concerned with vision, sound perception, taste, smell and touch.
12. Structure and function of:
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and
gonads.Reproduction
13 .Homeostasis:
Glucose metabolism, water and temperature regulation as examples.
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